In this lecture series, the basics of the survival strategy of plants will be learned at the cellular and molecular level. Despite that the achievement of plant science are very frequently described in high school textbooks, university students have very few opportunities to study them unless they specifically learn plant physiology. In this classes, the contents of plant science, which are mentioned only widely and shallowly at high school level will be provided more deeply with the latest knowledge.

【内容説明】この講義シリーズでは、植物の生存戦略の基本を細胞・分子レベルで学ぶ。植物科学の成果は高校の教科書には頻繁に記述されているにもかかわらず、大学では植物生理学を特別に学ばない限り、ほとんど学ぶ機会がない。本授業では、高校レベルでは広く浅くしか触れられていない植物科学の内容を、最新の知識を加えながらより深く学べる。

To understand the fundamentals of plant physiology
To understand how plants use light-energy.
To understand the signal transduction in plants.
To understand the basics of plant development and reproduction

1)Plant and cell architecture
2)Genome structure and gene expression
3)Water in plants
4)Mineral Nutrition
5)Photosynthesis
6)Cell wall
7)Signal transduction
8)Embryogenesis
9)Seed dormancy germination and seedling
10)Vegetative growth and organogenesis
11)Flower controlling
12)Gametophytes pollination , seeds, and fruits
13)Plant senescence and cell death
14)Biotic and Abiotic interaction
15)A final written exam
16)An oral exam and feedback

This course is open to all students, BUT it is recommended that students have at least a high school "basic biology" level of knowledge.

Class attendance and active participation (20%), weekly small tests (30%) an oral exam (25%) and a final written exam (25%)

Reading the textbook before the lecture will help the students to understand the lecture.
Students should review the textbook after the lecture.

Contact: mizuki.takenaka@pmg.bot.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Any questions and requests are welcome by prior arrangements via E-mail.

生物の形態、分類、生態などの観察や調査、生体内の分子や細胞内小器官に関する実験を通して、様々な生命現象や自然環境についての視点を養うことを目的とする。微生物や菌類から被子植物や昆虫まで、幅広い分類群の生物を実際に手にとって扱う体験を得ることも重要な目的である。

生物学の研究において不可欠である基本的な実験操作のいくつか（形態の観察・スケッチ、手作業による組織解剖・細胞の取り扱い、顕微鏡の操作、形態標本の作製、DNAの取り扱いと分析など）を自在に駆使できるようになる。

各回、違ったテーマの実習を行い、それに対する討論、レポート作成を行う。様々な生物について生態学、形態学、分子細胞生物学などの手法で学び、総合的に生命現象を理解する。
初回は、レポートの書き方や実験についての留意事項を説明する。

課題の内容は以下を予定している（数字は順番ではない）。2回目以降の日程については、初回のガイダンスで伝える。天候や生物の発生状況により、実習の内容が前後する可能性がある。野外の調査地が集合場所となる週については、事前に教員からの指示がある。

1．ガイダンス（実験実習における安全対策・実験器具の取扱・レポートの書き方・野外実習の心得など）
2．小動物の形態観察・標本作製・解剖・同定
3．昆虫の採集・標本作製と形態観察
4．植物の分類と形態
5．植物の葉の形態
6．河川環境調査の基礎技術（渓流の水生昆虫群集調査）
7．菌根・子実体による菌類同定法
8．タンパク質の電気泳動
9．緩衝液などの試薬の調製方法
10．DNAの抽出
11．遺伝子配列解析
12．微生物（細菌・藻類）の採集・分離と観察
13．微生物の培養（大腸菌の生育測定）
14．光合成色素の分離
15．フィードバック

スタート時点では高校で履修する生物の知識は必要ではないが、授業中必要になる知識については、自学自習を求める。
受講希望者は、初回授業の前に、履修登録とは別に、吉田南2号館2階もしくは3階の生物実習室前掲示板の指示に従い受講申込を行うこと。受講定員を超える申込があった場合は、事前に教職員が履修許可者の抽選を行う。
野外での実習活動を行うことを予め了承して頂く必要がある。野外での実習を行うことが多いので、野外活動に適した服装（長袖・長ズボン・歩きやすい靴など）と飲み水などを各自で準備して実習に臨むこと。

実習への参加状況、平常点評価（実習への取り組み方などに基づく）、レポートの成績の３点で評価する。詳細は初回授業で説明する。

授業外の時間を使ってのレポート作成は必要である。

学生教育研究災害傷害保険に加入していることが必要である。
何回かは、寒いなかで野外作業をすることがあるので、実習参加に向けて十分な体調・健康管理をおこなうことが求められる。
文系の学部に所属する学生にも学習しやすい内容であるので、積極的に履修して欲しい。
１〜３回は、最大で片道５００円程度の交通費を要する場所での実習を計画している。この場合の旅費は履修生個人で負担していただくことになる。

Behavioral Neuroscience investigates the neural basis of behavior. Part B of this course will provide an introduction to higher brain functions, such as motivation, learning, memory, communication and language. The course will employ an integrative approach by discussing both research results obtained with brain imaging in humans and experiments in animal models.

- To understand how our brain generates complex behavior.
- To understand how we can apply basic research in behavioral neuroscience to our everyday life.
- To be able to critically evaluate research findings in behavioral neuroscience reported in the public and scientific media.

1) Introduction to higher brain functions
2) Motivation
3) Learning
4) Memory
5) Spatial memory and navigation
6) Executive functions and planning
7) Emotions
8) Reproductive behavior
9) Communication and language
10) Human language and language disorders
11) Social interaction
12) Evolution and development of behavior
13) Neurological and psychiatric disorders
14) Behavioral treatment strategies
15) Feedback (arrange by email)

Introduction to Behavioral Neuroscience A is recommended (but not mandatory), because it provides the fundamental knowledge for this course.

Evaluation will be based on class attendance and active participation (30 points), short student presentation or report (20 points), and 10 in-class short open-note tests (50 points), the lowest of which will be dropped. The short tests and report will test whether students have achieved the course goals. Students who are absent more than five times will not be credited.

To achieve the course goals students should review the course materials plus optionally the according chapters in the recommended text books after each class. The time necessary for review should be in the range of 2-3 hours per class.

No fixed office hours, but students are welcome to arrange appointments by email.

Biology, or Bioscience, is the study of living organisms and is divided into specialized fields that examine their form (morphology), function (physiology), structure (anatomy), behavior, origin (evolution), distribution, and interactions with the environment (ecology). "Introduction to Biosciences" provides students with a broad foundation in these fields, exploring key concepts in bioscience and their significance for humans and the world around us.
Students will have the opportunity to explore topics of their own interests through class presentation assignments, such as news or journal articles related to cell biology.

Students will gain an understanding of the diversity of Bioscience and its importance in our daily lives.
Students will develop the ability to understand and discuss various aspects of Bioscience in English, as well as to read, understand, and think critically about Bioscience in the media, such as in news reports, newspaper articles, and scientific journal articles.

1. Introduction to the course; Chemistry of life
2. Cell structure
3. Genetics
4. Biological Diversity
5. Viruses
6. Plant Biology
7. Mid-term exam + Feedback,
Explanation of Class Presentations
8. Animal Form and Function
9. The Nervous system
10. Sensory Systems
11. The Immune System
12. Evolution
13. Ecology
14. Class Presentations
15. Final Exam
16. Feedback

This is an introductory course and prior knowledge of the topic is not necessary. All essential knowledge for the class and exams will be provided in class. Students need only to have a curiosity about the study of life.

Midterm exam, 20%.
Class presentation assignments, 20%.
Final examination, 60%.

Review from the textbook, previous lecture content, and preparation for assignments to be presented in class.

The contents of the syllabus are a guide to the content of the course, the exact content may change. Input and suggests from students are very welcome and I am happy to discuss the course material with students via email or in-person meeting.

How do living organisms grow, generate energy, sustain life, and reproduce? These are the core questions we will explore in this introductory biology course, which focusses on the cellular, chemical, and genetic processes that support life. Designed to provide a clear and accessible introduction to fundamental biological concepts and how we study them, this course requires no prior knowledge of cell biology, ensuring students at all levels can comfortably engage with the material.
Students will have the opportunity to explore topics of their own interests through class presentation assignments, such as news or journal articles related to cell biology.
Students are encouraged to continue on to "Introduction to Molecular Cell Biology-E2 (1st semester)" as a follow-up to this course.

Students will gain a foundational understanding of cell structure and function.
Students will acquire an understanding of how basic biological processes influence both simple and complex living organisms.
Students will develop the ability to understand and discuss various aspects of Bioscience in English.

1. Introduction to Cell Biology
2. The Chemistry of Life - Chemical Bonds and Macromolecules
3. Cell Structure and Organelles
4. Cellular Energy - Respiration and Metabolism
5. The Cell Cycle and Reproduction
6. Cell Communication and Signaling
7. Protein Structure and Function
8. Mid-term exam + Feedback,
Explanation of Class Presentations
9. DNA and Chromosomes
10. Gene Regulation - Gene Expression and Epigenetics
11. Cell Ageing and Death
12. Cell Biology in Disease and Medicine
13. Experimental Techniques in Cell Biology
14. Class Presentations
15. Final exam
16. Feedback

This is an introductory course and prior knowledge of the topic is not necessary. All essential knowledge for the class and exams will be provided in class. Students need only to have a curiosity to learn about the biological processes of life.

Midterm exam, 20%
Class Presentation assignments, 20%
Final examination, 60%

Review from the textbook, previous lecture content, and preparation for assignments to be presented in class.

The contents of the syllabus are a guide to the content of the course, the exact content may change. Input and suggests from students are very welcome and I am happy to discuss the course material with students via email or in-person meeting.