動物とも植物とも異なる、真菌（菌類）という生物群が存在することを理解した上で、菌類の系統・形態・多様性・生態・機能・生態系の中での役割・他の生物との相互作用、人間にとっての利用可能性などに関する理解を深めることを目的としている。多くの菌類は微小な菌糸という形で生育しているため、自然の中ではけっして目立つ存在ではないが、その多様性はおどろくほど高く、またそれぞれの種は特異な能力も持つ。また、森林生態系において、菌類は植物遺体の分解者として物質循環の重要な担い手になっているだけでなく、植物の根と菌根を形成することによって、植物の栄養吸収や防衛に加担している。菌類の世界をのぞくことは、生物の進化や、生態系のなりたちを理解することに大きく貢献するにちがいない。

自然の中ではけっして目立つことのない「かび」や「きのこ」が、いかに多様で、またいかにすぐれた能力を持っているかを理解し、それらが生態系の中で、あるいは人間社会の中で果たしている計り知れない役割を理解する。

以下の項目に従って進める（14回の授業日に合わせ、項目によっては2週にわたって進める）。

1．菌類の特徴と系統的位置
2．広義ツボカビ類
3. 広義接合菌類
4．子のう菌類（主にかびと酵母）
5．担子菌類（主にきのこ）
6．菌根菌と菌根共生
7．森林における分解連鎖と物質循環
8．菌類の分類・多様化・地域固有性
9．菌類と動物の相互作用
10．菌類の利用と栽培

特になし

定期試験（筆記）により評価する。

かびやきのこの図鑑等で、身近な菌類への関心を持ち続けることを推奨したい。

生物の形態、分類、生態などの観察や調査、生体内の分子や細胞内小器官に関する実験を通して、様々な生命現象や自然環境についての視点を養うことを目的とする。微生物や菌類から被子植物や昆虫まで、幅広い分類群の生物を実際に手にとって扱う体験を得ることも重要な目的である。

生物学の研究において不可欠である基本的な実験操作のいくつか（形態の観察・スケッチ、手作業による組織解剖・細胞の取り扱い、顕微鏡の操作、形態標本の作製、DNAの取り扱いと分析など）を自在に駆使できるようになる。

各回、違ったテーマの実習を行い、それに対する討論、レポート作成を行う。様々な生物について生態学、形態学、分子細胞生物学などの手法で学び、総合的に生命現象を理解する。
初回は、レポートの書き方や実験についての留意事項を説明する。

課題の内容は以下を予定している（数字は順番ではない）。2回目以降の日程については、初回のガイダンスで伝える。天候や生物の発生状況により、実習の内容が前後する可能性がある。野外の調査地が集合場所となる週については、事前に教員からの指示がある。

1．ガイダンス（実験実習における安全対策・実験器具の取扱・レポートの書き方・野外実習の心得など）
2．小動物の形態観察・標本作製・解剖・同定
3．昆虫の採集・標本作製と形態観察
4．植物の分類と形態
5．植物の葉の形態
6．河川環境調査の基礎技術（渓流の水生昆虫群集調査）
7．菌根・子実体による菌類同定法
8．タンパク質の電気泳動
9．緩衝液などの試薬の調製方法
10．DNAの抽出
11．遺伝子配列解析
12．微生物（細菌・藻類）の採集・分離と観察
13．微生物の培養（大腸菌の生育測定）
14．光合成色素の分離
15．フィードバック

スタート時点では高校で履修する生物の知識は必要ではないが、授業中必要になる知識については、自学自習を求める。
受講希望者は、初回授業の前に、履修登録とは別に、吉田南2号館2階もしくは3階の生物実習室前掲示板の指示に従い受講申込を行うこと。受講定員を超える申込があった場合は、事前に教職員が履修許可者の抽選を行う。
野外での実習活動を行うことを予め了承して頂く必要がある。野外での実習を行うことが多いので、野外活動に適した服装（長袖・長ズボン・歩きやすい靴など）と飲み水などを各自で準備して実習に臨むこと。

実習への参加状況、平常点評価（実習への取り組み方などに基づく）、レポートの成績の３点で評価する。詳細は初回授業で説明する。

授業外の時間を使ってのレポート作成は必要である。

学生教育研究災害傷害保険に加入していることが必要である。
何回かは、寒いなかで野外作業をすることがあるので、実習参加に向けて十分な体調・健康管理をおこなうことが求められる。
文系の学部に所属する学生にも学習しやすい内容であるので、積極的に履修して欲しい。
１〜３回は、最大で片道５００円程度の交通費を要する場所での実習を計画している。この場合の旅費は履修生個人で負担していただくことになる。

Organisms communicate. How? Why? So what? In this interdisciplinary course, we aim to understand how life communicates, explore the various reasons behind this phenomenon, and discuss its potential implications. We begin by considering non-verbal communication in nature, such as birdsong, dolphin song, bioluminescence, and pheromones, to understand how animals and other organisms send and sense signals. The course then expands its scope to explore inter-species relationships such as symbiosis, and human-animal interactions and their implications for welfare. Finally, we examine the implications of communication extending to interactions among humans, machines, and AI.

By bridging the humanities and the sciences, students will develop cross-disciplinary thinking and curiosity about life and communication in all (imaginable) forms.

This course is designed for anyone interested in communication, regardless of their major. Through lectures, discussions, and a final poster presentation, students will interpret and integrate diverse scientific and cultural forms of knowledge and communicate those understandings clearly and critically.

In addition to 14 lectures, four seminar courses are offered:
Weeks 1-7, students choose “Psychology of Communication” or “Honesty and Deceit in Biological Communication”
Weeks 8-14, students choose: “Human-Animal Interaction” or “Teaching a Robot to Communicate.”
Students are divided into two groups and will take two different seminars, one in each half of the course.

演習については、4つのセミナー（前半：Psychology of Communication，Honesty and Deceit in Biological Communication、後半：Human-Animal Interaction, Teaching a Robot to Communicate）が行われる。受講者は2グループに分かれ、前半７週と後半７週に異なるテーマで２つの演習を受講できる。

○ ISS Course Classification: [Science / Humanities]
This classification applies to ISS courses in which the primary theme places a strong emphasis on the natural sciences, while the secondary theme places a strong emphasis on the humanities.
〇統合型複合科目分類　【理・文】
主たる課題について理系分野の要素が強く、副たる課題については文系分野の要素が強いと考えられるもの

1. Exploring how organisms use chemical signals to communicate and shape ecological interactions.
2. Examining how communication drives symbiosis and cooperation, shaping ecosystems and applications.
3. Understanding the key concepts, history, and interdisciplinary scope of huma - animal interaction studies.
4. Identifying major contexts of human - animal interaction (such as companionship, research, and conservation), and their welfare implications.
5. Understanding the biological and psychological bases of human - animal communication, including signaling and interpretation.
6. Analyzing how enhanced communication fosters trust, cooperation, and welfare in human - animal - robot relationships.
7. Exploring the behaviors and brain processes that subtly shape conscious experience beneath awareness.
8. Exploring the interconnections among mind, meaning, and machine in the context of human communication.
9. Gaining insight into human psychology and interpersonal communication as foundations for understanding AI.
10. Reflecting on how AI - human communication may drive the evolution of a “Cultural Machine.”

（この授業では、講義と少人数演習を併せて学びます。講義のみ、少人数演習のみの出席では授業の到達目標に達しません。なお、講義の初回授業において少人数演習のグループ分けを行いますので、必ず出席してください/In this course, students will learn through a combination of lectures and small-group seminars. Attending only the lectures or only the seminars will not be sufficient to achieve the learning objectives. Please be sure to attend the first class, as students will be divided into seminar groups at that time.）

[Lecture］Fri 3rd (Classroom : 共北11）
Class 1: How Life Communicates: Networks in Harmony (Course Introduction):
The coordinator and all lecturers introduce themselves and their contributions to the course. The purpose of the course, learning objectives, and evaluation will be explained. The summary of the content covered by each instructor will be introduced. Students will be divided into four small-group seminars through a selection process primarily based on students’ preferences.

Lecture Section 1: Understanding Diverse Communication Methods in Organisms (Lecturers: Craig Barnett and Tzu-Fan Hsiang)

(Overview)
This section explores how organisms transmit and interpret information to survive and interact with their environments. It examines the physical, behavioral, and chemical mechanisms that underpin communication across species. Special attention is given to chemical signaling, such as volatiles, phytohormones, and metabolites that mediate interactions among plants, microbes, insects, and other organisms.


(Schedule and Contents)
Class 2: Signal transmission methods (Craig Barnett)
Class 3: Chemical communication (Pheromones for bugs, Quorum sensing for bacteria, plant hormones, flowering regulation, bioluminescence) (Tzu-Fan Hsiang)

Lecture Section 2: Understanding Symbiosis and Cooperative Relationships (Lecturers: Tzu-Fan Hsiang and Minsoo Kim)

(Overview)
This section examines how communication shapes cooperation, competition, and adaptation across biological systems, from plants to humans. It highlights molecular signaling in symbiosis, showing how organisms form mutualistic or parasitic relationships that influence evolution and health. Applications such as microbiota research, probiotics, and bioinspired agriculture demonstrate how understanding these networks can drive innovation in medicine, ecology, and sustainability.

(Schedule and Contents)
Class 4: Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism (Tzu-Fan Hsiang)
Class 5: Plant-host, Insect-host interaction (Tzu-Fan Hsiang)
Class 6: Microbiota-human host interactions (Minsoo Kim)
Class 7: Emerging technology inspired by biological communication (Tzu-Fan Hsiang)

Midterm evaluation: Biological communication in daily life

Lecture Section 3: Communication in Humans, Animals, and Robots (Lecturers: Duncan Wilson and Richard Veale)

(Overview)
These lectures explore how humans perceive, communicate with, and understand other beings— both biological and artificial. Students examine how communication shapes relationships, welfare, and awareness across species and systems. The sessions encourage interdisciplinary reflection on how conscious and unconscious processes influence interaction, empathy, and connection in both living and artificial worlds.

(Schedule and Contents)
Class 8: Introduction to Human-Animal Interaction (Duncan Wilson)
Class 9: Human-Animal Communication (Duncan Wilson)
Class 10: Mechanisms of Human Communication - Natural Language Processing (Richard Veale)
Class 11: Robotics, Artificial Intelligence (Richard Veale)

Lecture Section 4: Mind, Meaning, and Machine (Lecturers: Ethan Sahker and David Dalsky)
(Overview)
These lectures focus on the roles of mind and behavior (psychology) in interpersonal communication and how AI-human interactions negotiate meaning.
(Schedule and Contents)
Class 12: Human Psychology and Communication (Ethan Sahker)
Class 13: AI-Human Communication (David Dalsky)

Class 14: Student poster presentation and discussion
Students will give poster presentations and engage in discussions based on the assignments from previous lectures.
Class 15: Feedback

[Seminars］
Students choose one seminar from the first half of the course and one from the second half.

Students choose:
Weeks 1-7: “Psychology of Communication” or “Honesty and Deceit in Biological Communication”

Seminar A: Friday 5th（Classroom: 国際高等教育院棟2F 演習室23）
Title: Psychology of Communication
By Ethan Sahker

(Overview and purpose of the course)
This class focuses on the cognitive and behavioral components of human communication, both internal thought processing (intrapersonal), and external applications (interpersonal). Students will gain an understanding of the factors that shape modern communication, the scientific applications of communication, and how this communication relates to health and well-being.

(Course schedule and contents)
Class 1: Cognitive and Behavioral Communication
Class 2: Psychodynamics: Inter- and Intrapersonal Communication
Class 3: Non-Verbal Communication
Class 4: Culture & Group Dynamics
Class 5: Internet Communication & Disinhibition
Class 6: Clinical Communication
Class 7: Health and Communication
Exercises: Thought Records, Personal Patterns, Cultural Non-Verbal Show & Tell, Stereotypes & Expectations, Roleplaying, Basic Counseling Skills
Details on feedback will be announced separately during class.

Seminar B: Friday 5th（Classroom: 国際高等教育院棟2F 演習室24）
Title: Honesty and Deceit in Biological Communication
By Craig Barnett

(Overview and purpose of the course)
Organisms have evolved many ways to transmit information to others. We will examine the evolution of communication signals, signal honesty, and how signals can be used to deceive others.

(Course schedule and contents)
Class 1: An introduction to communication: a biologist’s perspective
Class 2: Truth in advertising: the evolution of signal honesty
Class 3: Nature abhors a vacuum: the evolution of deception
Class 4: Case study 1: It’s not over until the fat bird sings: bird song as an honest communication system
Class 5: Case study 2: The evolution of crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry
Class 6: Case Study 3: Bolas spiders and other forms of biological deception
Class 7: Presentations, recap, conclusions, and discussion
Exercises: Group discussions, Short group presentation on an example of biological communication, Excursion to Mt. Yoshida
Details on feedback will be announced separately during class.
Students choose:
Weeks 8-14: “Human-Animal Interaction” or “Teaching a Robot to Communicate”

Seminar C: Friday 5th（Classroom: 国際高等教育院棟2F 演習室23）
Title: Human-Animal Interaction
By Duncan Wilson

(Overview and purpose of the course)
This course examines the dynamic interactions between humans and animals, focusing on how communication influences human-animal relationships and welfare. Students explore biological, psychological, and social aspects of human-animal communication and how understanding signals, empathy, and behaviour can improve well-being in contexts such as companionship, research and conservation. The course encourages critical reflection on how effective, compassionate communication benefits both humans and animals.

(Course schedule and contents)
Class 1: Human-Animal Welfare
Class 2: Cross-cultural Variation in Human-Animal Interaction
Class 3: Human-Pet Interaction and Animal Assisted Interventions
Class 4: Human-Farm Animal Interaction
Class 5: Human-Laboratory Animal Interaction
Class 6: Human-Zoo Animal Interaction
Class 7: Human-Wildlife Interaction

Exercises: Group discussion, video analysis, quizzes, debate, role play
Details on feedback will be announced separately during class.

Seminar D: Friday 5th（Classroom: 国際高等教育院棟2F 演習室24）
Title: Teaching a Robot to Communicate
By Richard Veale

(Overview and purpose of the course)
Understanding behaviors and neural mechanisms that unconsciously influence our conscious experience.

(Course schedule and contents)
Understanding behaviors and neural mechanisms that unconsciously influence our conscious experience.
Class 1: Computer vision: basic concepts (filtering/convolution)
Class 2: Modeling early human visual system
Class 3: Gaze/Eye Tracking
Class 4: Models of gaze control
Class 5: Head-tracking (memory?)
Class 6: Adding sound? Basic Auditory Processing
Class 7: Learning simple words— association of sound/sight

Exercises: Wearable/static eye-tracking, Building models, Basic robot "Primal" communication via vision/audition/vibration (synchronization)
Details on feedback will be announced separately during class.

特になし

Lecture(50% of final grade): Evaluation will be based on class attendance and participation (40%), final poster presentation (40%), and homework (20%).

Seminar(50% of final grade):Students take two seminars. Evaluation criteria may vary slightly by group and will be explained by each seminar instructor during the first class.
・Seminar A (Psychology of Communication): Reflection Paper (50%),quizzes (30%), participation (20%)
・Seminar B (Honesty and Deceit in Biological Communication); Papers (50%), final presentation (50%)
・Seminar C (Human-Animal Interaction): Class attendance and participation (40%), final report (40%),homework (20%)
・Seminar D (Teaching a Robot to Communicate): In-class practical labs/homeworks (40%),final project (40%), final presentation (10%),theory quizzes (10%)

Final Grade = Lecture (50%) + Average of Two Seminars (50%)

Students should read the recommended lecture materials before class and review the course handouts.

Instructors are available by appointment to meet with students. We expect active class participation in this class.
Note: the lecture/seminar contents and order of lectures/seminars are subject to change.

Due to character limits on official documents such as transcripts, the English course title "Integrated Liberal Arts and Science with Small Group Seminars" is abbreviated as "ISS."
Please note that the same restriction applies to E2 course titles on KULASIS, where the title is also abbreviated as "ISS."
成績証明書等では、表示文字数の制約上、英文科目名「Integrated Liberal Arts and Science with Small Group Seminars」が「ISS」と略記されます。
なお、E2科目名についてはKULASIS上も同様の制約がかかり、科目名が「ISS」と略記されていますので、ご注意ください。